#Week 1 • Intro – Basics Central dogma • Intro - Environmental challenges for living organisms • Intro - Environmental challenges for living organisms • Lab - Diversity (size and scale) Lecture theme option M LIFE W HOMEOSTASIS F External env. --- Ch1 58-67 Ch 16 Ch42 842-853 Ch52 1059-1081 --- "How life works" ###Important Molecules Water and other inorganics *Organics* - Carbohydrates - Lipids - Amino Acids (proteins) - Nucleotides (nucleic acids) Two theories form the framework for modern biological science: *The cell theory* What are organisms made of? *The theory of evolution by natural selection* Where do organisms come from? In the late 1660s, Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek were the first to observe cells A cell is a highly organized compartment Bounded by a plasma membrane Containing concentrated chemicals in an aqueous solution The cell theory states that All organisms are made of cells (pattern) All cells come from preexisting cells (process) Prokaryotes - Eukaryotes - Domains of Life? Plants The tree of life indicates three major groups of organisms: The eukaryotes Eukarya Two groups of prokaryotes Bacteria and Archaea ![tol](./w1_media/tol.jpg) Cell Structure ![eukcell](./w1_media/euk-pro.jpg) Tissue Organisms - Plant life (show dramatic diversity in form, environments) ###Homeostasis Mechanistic explanation _Topics_ • Bioenergetics • Energy acquisition - primary production and oxygen • Thermal Biology • Osmoregulation • Digestion and excretion • Sensory systems • Circulation and gas exchange • Defense • Reproduction ******************************************************************************************************************** ## INTRODUCTION TO AQUATIC ECOPHYSIOLOGY: • What´s aquatic physiology and why we do study it. • Levels of organization. pp16, Ch 42, 849. • How does body size affect animal physiology? Ch 45, pp 850-853. • Structure and function. They are complementary with each other. Structure determines function and function determines certain structure. Form-function correlation: pp. 16, Ch 7 pp.118, Ch 42, pp. 843-849, Ch 44, pp. 884-885, Ch 48, pp. 984-985 Other visual support at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haopSRCuPdo, clearing and staining fish (Dr. Adam Summers). ## HOMEOSTASIS: • Internal vs. external environment. How organisms maintain a relative stable interior milieu in a changing external environment. Ch42, 853-854. Other resource: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HS66q_OA8g, it introduces well many concepts of the class (thermal biology, osmoregulation, digestion and excretion, etc). Other resources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TeSKSPPZ6Ik student can log in at www.prezi.com for free if using their uw email and access to the homeostasis lecture, which has links to other videos and postcads. Prezi is a cloud-based presentation software that uses motion, zoom, and spatial relationships. • General mechanisms involved in homeostatic regulation: autoregulation (intrinsic regulation) and extrinsic regulation. Differences. • Components of the homeostatic control system (set point, sensor, integrator and effector), feedback (negative and positive) and feedforward systems. Ch 42, pp. 854. ## AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT • Understand the nature of the water molecule and its unique properties. Ch 2, pp 25-30. Good video for basic concepts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVmU3CLxvgU • How salinity, temperature and pressure alter the physical properties of water, most importantly the solubility of gases (O2) and how that affects aquatic life. Resources: http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/oxygen-solubility-water-d_841.html, http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/water-quality/dissolved-oxygen/, - Water has an extremely high specific heat (Ch 2, 27-28) - Comparison of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems (Marine Biology: An ecological approach -book. pp 31-38) - Physical and chemical differences - Biodiversity differences - Life-History differences - Structural and Fujnctional differences • Sunlight in the ocean (this should have been explained in Marine Biology 250). • Ocean as dynamic biomes. Horizontal and vertical changes in abiotic factors: light, salinity, temperature and pressure, and biotic factors (food availability, social, etc.), and their relative importance in different aquatic environments. Ch 52, pp. 1074-1079. • How organisms adapt and successes in different aquatic environments: Introduction to functional adaptations to the environment (introduction to upcoming classes): o Respiratory adaptations (aquatic vs. terrestrial, anoxia, etc.) o Osmotic adaptations (osmotic/ionic regulation, differences in fresh sea water/terrestrial ecosystems, etc.) o Light adaptations (photoreception, pigments, circadian rhythms, bioluminescence, etc) o Thermal adaptation (endothermic vs. exothermic, polar vs. tropical) o Electromagnetic and gravitational adaptations (electroreception, electrogenesis, adaptation to hydrostatic pressure, air bladder, etc) o Reproductive adaptations (sexual vs. asexual, internal vs. external, r/k strategies, etc) o Defensive adaptations (simple –swimming and hiding- and complex tactics –spines, chemicals-) o Feeding adaptations o Locomotion adaptations ## LABS • Histology: The form and functions of tissues. Histology sample preparation (fixation, processing, embedding, sectioning and staining). • The clearing and staining method https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haopSRCuPdo, clearing and staining fish (Dr. Adam Summers)-is that ok if I ask him for specimens?- • Identification of tissues: comparative histology of marine organisms. • Other practical application of histology: histopathology, toxicology, fisheries (reproductive stage), etc.